Mozart s Influence On Musical Music - 1099 Words

Natalia Kane Mr. Quià ±onez CP English II Period 0 5 May 2015 Mozart He has influenced musical appreciation throughout the world and has created some of the best works of musical art in his time. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born January 27, 1756 in Salzburg Austria to Leopold and Maria Pertl Mozart. He was a pianist and a composer. Mozart created a string of operas, concertos, symphonies, and sonatas that shaped todays classical music. Mozart died in Vienna, Austria on December 5, 1791. Mozart made a positive impact on Musical culture by composing some of the best-known operas since the age of five. Mozart was inspired by a childhood influence of this genre of music, he composed operas since the age of five and his music influenced a scientific study called the â€Å"Mozart Effect.† Mozart was born into a music inspired family. He was taught about music at a young age and had a raw, natural talent for music. Mozart’s father was a violinist, composer, and an assistant concertmaster at the Salzburg court while his mother was bor n into a middleclass family of community leaders. He and his only sister, Maria, we introduced to music at an early age by their father, Leopold. â€Å"Leopold was a devoted and task-oriented teacher to both his children. He made the lessons fun, but also insisted on a strong work ethic and perfection.† (Grimm.) Mozart’s father played a huge role in his early life. He introduced Mozart to many musicians in which Mozart looked up to as a roleShow MoreRelatedWolfgang Amadeus Mozart : A Influential Composer Of The Classical Era1003 Words   |  5 Pages Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was brought into the world on January 27, 1756 in Salzburg, Austria.. Mozart was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical Era. His parents were Leopold and Maria Pertl Mozart. Mozart showed musical talent at a very young age. At the age of 5 mozart was composing minuets. 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The Prohibition Of Marijuana Should Be Legal - 1948 Words

Prof. Bache English 101 23 March 2016 Thesis statement The prohibition of marijuana has sparked a big debate in today’s society Views of a dangerous killer drug we once thought as common knowledge are now being proven wrong by science and it is time for our society to reassess based on our knowledge. Although many still view marijuana as a hazardous drug, it in fact has medical, economic and social benefits such as a lowering the cost of the war on drugs, reducing the prison population, generating tax revenue, and creating jobs. These are just a few of the many benefits that can come with the legalization of marijuana. As we learn more about marijuana and its effects we need to revisit our social, political and legal views on its use.†¦show more content†¦The FDA has approved THC based medications that are used for these purposes (What Is Medical Marijuana).† Scientific evidence for Marijuana’s effectiveness in treating wide range of diseases continues to increase daily. Today we know that cannabis can be fo und effective for treating nausea and appetite loss, many forms of cancer chemotherapy, pain and appetite loss due to HIV/AIDS, multiple sclerosis, and more. These all come with very mild temporary side effects, with no serious toxic reactions found in any case (Gieringer, Carter, and Rosenthal). The use of marijuana for medicinal purposes follows with a good argument as is evidenced by the many states already legalizing its use for medical purposes. As we continue to learn more everyday about the positive impact cannabis has it will only speed the process up in deciding the future of prohibition of marijuana. In addition to the medicinal value of marijuana many governments both in the United States as well as across the globe have already moved to legalize it for recreational use as well. According to Newhealthguide.org the legality of marijuana for general or recreational use varies from country to country but as of 2015 Bangladesh, Cambodia, Canada, Chile, Colombia, the Czech Republic, India, Jamaica, Mexico, Portugal, Spain, Uruguay, Germany, the Netherlands, some U.S. states, Native American Indian reservations, and cities as well as some territories of Australia have the least

Ethical Issues in Healthcare Euthanasia Free Essays

string(122) " choice and whether these decisions should be permitted, forbidden, or are morally required \(Larry Moore, 2008\)\." Introduction Frequently faced with decisions that impact on an individual’s quality of life, and with power over life or death, the healthcare profession encounters many ethical issues where the distinction between right and wrong is not always absolute. To ensure that the welfare of the patient is always of paramount importance, and to protect those involved with the patient’s care, healthcare organisations employ various ethical guidelines, committees, and procedures to handle these issues of morality. The main motive of a healthcare professional, and therefore a primary ethical issue, is that of promoting patient welfare above all other concerns, or beneficence. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Issues in Healthcare: Euthanasia or any similar topic only for you Order Now Additionally, medical practitioners are compelled to consider three further important moral commitments. These are the patient’s right to choose their treatment, known as autonomy, non-maleficence (to first do no harm), and justice, ensuring the provision of fair and equal treatment for all patients (Gillion, 1994). An issue that creates conflict for decision-making in nearly all of these domains is euthanasia. Euthanasia may also be referred to as mercy killing, and is the act of a deliberate intervention with the intention of ending an individual’s life with the purpose of relieving intractable pain and suffering (House of Lords Select Committee on Medical Ethics). Euthanasia has a variety of differing interpretations, being described as â€Å"Any action or omission intended to end the life of the patient on the grounds that his or her life is not worth living† by the Pro-life Society, and as a â€Å"Good death† by the Voluntary Euthanasia Society, who adopt the literal Greek translation â€Å"eu† and â€Å"thanatos† (British Broadcasting Corporation, 1999). Euthanasia has become a topic of increasing debate amongst medical professionals, journalists, and politicians, however remains illegal in the UK. There are several categories of euthanasia, and the classification depends on the level of patient consent. Voluntary euthanasia infers a request from the patient for premature death, whereas involuntary euthanasia is conducted without the request of the patient. Non-voluntary euthanasia is conducted where patients are not in the capacity to request premature death themselves. The ethical dilemmas encountered with euthanasia are the reason that the act is shrouded in such controversy. These will be discussed below, through the case study of Ramon Sampedro, who became quadriplegic after a swimming accident at the age of 25, and application of ethical theory. Ramon Sampedro described himself as â€Å"a head attached to a corpse† (Euthanasia), and appealed to local and high courts for euthanasia as he was unable to commit suicide himself. Sampedro felt that his decision should be respected and he was being denied the right to suicide. There are several ethical and moral considerations as to whether Sampedro’s request should have been granted or not. The sanctity of human life is expressed throughout religious scripture and moral rhetoric, and in the context of medical and healthcare ethics, manifests as a commitment to individuals’ right to health, to promote patient welfare and to do no harm (British Medical Association, 2007). The conflict between ending a life and non-maleficence is clear, however when considering the principle of beneficence, the definition of welfare comes under debate. Sampedro obviously felt his quality of life was so impaired that he would be better dead. Consider the case of Diane Pretty, a sufferer of motor neurone disease, a neurodegenerative disease that causes weakness and wasting of the muscles, creating difficulty walking, talking, eating, drinking, and breathing (Motor Neurone Disease Association). At the time of requesting her death, Mrs Pretty was paralysed from the neck down, virtually unable to speak, and being fed through a tube (Singer, 2002). Living a life plagued with problems and pain, and knowing that she would die a distressing and enduring death, Mrs Pretty’s welfare was evidently compromised. Wishing to die in a dignified and humane manner, Mrs Pretty took her case to the British courts, however requests for her husband to aid her death were rejected by the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights on the grounds of it being assisted suicide (Singer, 2002). The cases of Diane Pretty and Roman Sanpedro highlight a conflict between non-maleficence in which action would be taken to end human life, and promoting individual welfare and autonomy. The outcomes of the above cases are in stark contrast to that of Mrs B. Mrs B was paralysed from the neck down, and kept alive by ventilator. Mrs B also professed a will to die, claiming her life was not worth living, and requested the ventilator be turned off (Singer, 2002). Due to her request for passive euthanasia, where treatment is withdrawn or not provided, the decision to turn off the ventilator and bring about her death was granted. In contrast, active euthanasia as with Pretty and Sampedro requires the implementation of a deliberate act to bring about death. Whilst all parties express the same will to die and implore an identical end result, only the autonomy of Mrs B was respected. The distinction between the two types of euthanasia lies in that of letting die versus actively killing, known as the acts/omission doctrine. Many medical professionals, ethicists and philosophers support this doctrine, illustrated by Clough (1968) who quotes; â€Å"Thou shalt not kill but needs t not strive, officiously, to keep alive†. However, others have differences of opinion. In his interpretation of the acts/omission doctrine, Blackwell (1996) illustrates how an act which is considered ethically right may infer the same immoral consequence as an act considered ethically wrong; â€Å"Thus suppose I wish you dead, if I act to bring about your death I am a murderer, but if I happily discover you in danger of death, and fail to save you, I am not acting and therefore, according to the doctrine, I am not a murderer†. In this ironic depiction of the doctrine, Blackwell (1996) acknowledges the power of intent, action, and consequence as a whole when approaching an ethical issue. The acts/omission doctrine follows a school of thought frequently referred to in medical ethics, that of Deontology, where the focus is on choice and whether these decisions should be permitted, forbidden, or are morally required (Larry Moore, 2008). You read "Ethical Issues in Healthcare: Euthanasia" in category "Essay examples" The morality of a decision is judged on its adherence to certain percepts, which include duties towards anyone, for example ‘do not lie’, and duties relating to one’s individual circumstance and relationships, such as ‘provide for your children’ (Lacewing, 2006). Deontological thought insists that if certain ethical principles are followed, behaviour is moral and just, regardless of the consequences. Conversely, even if the end result is good, if the means are immoral the act is unjustified. This infers that an end can never justify its means, for example; lying is always wrong even if it protects someone in the end. When co nsidering the issue of euthanasia, a deontological approach proposes a thought process for decision-making, however does encounter moral conflict when considering whether euthanasia as a general principle is justified and ethically acceptable. A key percept of deontology when applied to clinical ethics is to heal (Pellegrino, 2005) therefore one can deduce that all forms of killing are wrong, and Sampedro should not be assisted in his death. However, if healing meant giving a patient medication with the intent of pain relief that would lead to their death, a deontological perspective would neglect the end consequence and permit the means. Deontology permits the duty of administering medication to relieve pain, however, if the same act were performed with the duty to kill, the act would be morally wrong and thus forbidden. This is an example of the rule of double effect, where outcomes that would be morally wrong if they were caused intentionally are admissible if they are foreseen b ut unintended (Quill, Dresser Brock, 1997). By not intervening to relieve insufferable pain, the medical professional is inflicting harm on the patient, however to provide the dose of pain relief may hasten their death. The rule of double effect has been proposed to be ethically sound if several criteria are satisfied. These ensure that the physician did not intend maleficence either as a means or an end, that the nature of the choice is good, and that the good outweighs the bad (Marquis, 1991). The rule of double effect may enable physicians to overcome hesitations in providing pain relieving medications proportionally to their potential harmful effects (Quill, Dresser Brock, 1997) and is a deontological principle that has potential for making some instances of euthanasia permissible. Despite this, intent is difficult to interpret and prove, which can elicit abuse of the notion, or create difficulties for those acting under good intent with inability to prove such. In the case of Sanpedro, he does not need medication, and any intervention with such would have been an immoral act as the means would only be to bring about death. When considering the distinction between passive and active euthanasia, deontology places emphasis on the intrinsic features of individual’s actions and considers duties, principles, and the rights-claims of those involved (Candee Puka, 1984). Therefore in accord with the principle of non-maleficence (ensuring patients’ right to be done no harm), and the duty of care that compels a healthcare professional, an intervention to directly cause death, or active euthanasia, would be considered immoral and strongly opposed by deontological principles. Alternatively, passive euthanasia is more in line with a deontological approach, which involves a decision based out of the respect for the patient’s wish, and with the aim of doing good. Passive euthanasia respects the patient’s right to refuse treatment regardless of the consequence. A contrasting ethical approach is the utilitarian perspective, which postulates that morality judgement is dependent on a decision’s consequence, and that this consequence must be weighted for its utility. Classically, utility and well-being are determined by the presence of pleasure and the absence of pain (Bentham, 1823) however, this has expanded to consider knowledge, autonomy, friendship and economic value (Hooker, 1997). Consider the prospect of euthanasia in the instance of a patient experiencing severe and chronic pain, in a state of incapacity that prevents them from functioning without aid. A utilitarian philosophy would weigh the intense physiological and psychological suffering experienced by the patient against the patient’s autonomy and the relief that would come with death. The thought of death to this individual is pleasurable, and would provide happiness, whereas an individual living a fulfilling life is made unhappy by the thought of their death. With a utilitarian perspective, if Sampedro could provide adequate justification for his death, his request may be deemed permissible. Utilitarianism does not distinguish between active and passive euthanasia, as its focus is on the morality of the end consequence rather than the act by which it is brought about. A particular difficulty faced when approaching euthanasia with a utilitarian perspective is that of when the balance becomes tipped, deciding when it is that a person becomes better off dead than alive (Mitchell, 1995). It is important to acknowledge that happiness or unhappiness is not permanent and may be changed (Sheldon Lyubomirsky, 2006). For some, pain, suffering and despair may be enduring, however for another, whilst unhappiness may be prominent in the initial throws of a terminal illness, as they adapt they may again begin to find fulfilment and enjoyment in life. The case of Joni Eareckson Tada poignantly illustrates this proposal. After suffering a diving accident at the age of 18, Joni became paralysed from the neck down, and during her rehabilitation experienced anger, depression and suicidal thoughts, and â€Å"begged my friends to aid me in suicide†. 38 years on, Jodi now professes â€Å"It concerns me deeply that now we live in a culture which capitalises on that depression and reinforces to people like myself that ‘you’re better off dead than disabled’. That is unfortunate, that’s sad, that is evil.† (Swanson). Autonomy, the respect for an individual’s self-determination and responsibility for their own healthcare decision, is acknowledged in relation to both the means and consequence of euthanasia. This is something emphasised by the British Medical Association (2006). In the request for active euthanasia, patient autonomy conflicts with non-maleficence, where a doctor is required to cause harm to the patient, and in request for passive euthanasia, patient autonomy conflicts with beneficence, where a doctor cannot act to prevent harm. Again the definition of beneficence and non-maleficence depends greatly on the connotation of ‘harm’. For euthanasia to be justified, the harm of letting someone die must be less than the harm in keeping them alive. Patient autonomy also depends on the capacity to consent, where a patient must have the information necessary to understand the severity of any medical decision and the benefits and risks that will accompany the outcome (UCSF). In cases where patients are unable to make or comprehend decisions due to incapacity, difficulties arise where decisions must be made on their behalf. Sampedro evidently had a full informed understanding of his decision; however the maleficence caused by someone having to kill him would outweigh his wish. The issue of capacity to consent highlights the importance of personhood with respect to euthanasia. Singer (1979) proposes that only humans with rationality are ‘persons’ and therefore deserving of rights and respect. Following the theories of Singer and other western bioethicists, it may be inferred that those who are not classified as persons, do not have the same rights and do not command the same dignity. Fletcher (1972) proposed that, amongst others, alcoholics, the mentally ill, those in a persistent vegetative state and the senile are not considered ‘persons’. If the lives of these individuals are not to be held with the same moral considerations, the impetus for euthanasia is greater, as justification comes from relieving societal expense and resources. The ecological validity of these theories is demonstrated as the definition of personhood is frequently raised with regard to decisions to terminate treatment at the end of life, and for those in veg etative states (Cranford Randolph Smith, 1987). Whilst individuals lacking the consciousness do not command the same moral respect for autonomy, a rational and sentient person, such as Sampedro, demands moral obligation, and therefore the right to autonomy. This again highlights the conflict between the various moral duties resonant to euthanasia; if someone is deemed rational, should their wish to die not be respected? The dilemma of euthanasia is likely to be a topic of contention for many years to come. Whilst both deontological and utilitarian philosophies provide moral grounds with which to approach the issue, each individual case and request owes its own appraisal and sweeping generalisations cannot be made. The British Medical Association (BMA) (2006) alludes to the dangers of these generalisations, stating that resulting pressures from scarcity of NHS resources, marginalisation of the inarticulate, and emotional, psychological and financial tensions can lead to poor decision making by the ill or disabled. These pressures may impinge on an individual’s rationality, affecting both the means behind their decision for euthanasia, and their perception of the consequences. Whilst someone may be happy living with disability, possibility of euthanasia opens up avenue for manipulation, where individuals are coerced into premature death to benefit or relieve family members. The BMA (2006) ackno wledge the principles of autonomy (where a person’s wish for euthanasia should be valued) and beneficence (with respect to ending suffering) are compelling theories, however concern arises from how interpretation of these in society may lead to a change in perception of the chronically ill, disabled, or mentally impaired. The notion that these people have the right to premature death may mean that they are not considered as societal equals and creates implications for protection of the vulnerable. Sampedro eventually died 29 years later as a result of poisoning. Despite the decision against active euthanasia, Sampedro still maintained his wish. This may highlight the validity of such wishes. However, in my opinion, and that of religious scripture, Sampedro’s death was the loss of a dignified and valuable human life equal to all others despite his disability. Life is given by God, and therefore only he should have the right to take it away. Enabling the poisoning of Sampedro meant that someone had interfered with this natural, spiritual process, and brought about the death of an innocent man which can only be deemed as murder, and morally unacceptable. References: Bentham, J. (1823) An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. Blackburn, S. (1996) The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. British Broadcasting Corporation (1999) Euthanasia Special Report [WWW] BBC News. Available from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/background_briefings/euthanasia/331256.stm [Accessed 02/05/2012]. British Medical Association (2007) Euthanasia and physician assisted suicide: Do the morals arguments differBMA Medical Ethics Department. Candee, D. and Puka, B. (1984) An analytic approach to resolving problems in medical ethics. Journal of Medical Ethics, 10, pp. 61-70. Clough, A. (1968) The Latest Decalogue. In: A. Norrington, The Poems of Arthur Hugh Clough, pp. 60-61. Cranford, R. and Randolph Smith, D. (1987). Consciousness: the most critical moral (constitutional) standard for human personhood. American Journal of Law and Medicine, 13, pp. 233-248. Euthanasia (n.d), Cases in History [WWW]. Available from: http://www.euthanasia.cc/cases.html [Accessed 04/05/2012]. Fletcher, J. (1972) Indicators of humanhood: a tentative profile of man. Hastings Centre Report, 2(5), pp. 1-4. Gillion, R. (1994) Medical ethics: four principles plus attention to scope. British Medical Journal, 309, pp. 184. Hooker, B. (1997) Rule-utilitarianism and Euthanasia, In: H. LaFollette (ed.) Ethics in Practice. Oxford, UK: Blackwell. pp. 42-52. House of Lords Select Committee on Medical Ethics (1993) Report of the Select Committee on Medical Ethics (HL Paper 21-I of 1993-4). Lacewing, M (2006) Revise Philosophy for AS Level. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. Larry, A. and Moore, M. (2008). Deontological Ethics. In: E. Zalta, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. [WWW]. Available from: http://plato.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/encyclopedia/archinfo.cgi?entry=ethics-deontological [Accessed 02/05/2012]. Marquis, D. (1991) Four versions of double effect. Journal of Medical Philosophy, 16, pp. 515-544. Mitchell, D. (1995). The importance of being important: euthanasia and critical interests in Dworkin’s life’s dominion. Utilitas, 7(2), pp. 301-314. Pellegrino, E. (2005) Moral absolutes in clinical ethics. Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics, 26(6), pp. 469-486. Quill, T., Dresser, R. and Brock, D (1997) The rule of double effect: a critique of its role in end-of-life decision-making. New England Journal of Medicine, 337, pp. 1768-1771. Sheldon, K. and Lyubomirsky, S. (2006) Achieving sustainable gains in happiness: change your actions not your circumstances. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7(1), pp.55-86. Singer, P. (2002) Ms B and Diane Pretty: a commentary. Journal of Medical Ethics, 28, pp. 234-235. Singer, P. (1979) Practical Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Swanson, C (2005) Notes in the Key of Life [WWW] ShabbyBlogs.com. Available from: http://cindyswanslife.blogspot.co.uk/2005/02/my-interview-with-joni-eareckson-tada.html [Accessed 01/05/2012]. UCSF (n.d) Fast Facts: Beneficence vs Non-maleficence. [WWW] UCSF School of Medicine. Available from: http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/ethics/Content%20Pages/fast_fact_bene_nonmal.htm [Accessed 01/05/2012]. How to cite Ethical Issues in Healthcare: Euthanasia, Essay examples

A hard lesson learned free essay sample

Orlando Childhood experiences stay with us, even the bad ones. I really should have listened to my friends, my parents, that summer in 1995. I was 13 and he seemed so sweet, so different than other boys I knew. Boy was I right; he was nothing like other boys that I knew. Since then my life has drastically changed and I have learned some pretty Important lessons and what happened during those years as a teenager helped me to become the strong, woman I am today. If I could go back. I wouldnt change anything for the world.It was a warm sunny day, sometime around the end of May 1995, I was walking with my two best friends, Josh and Andrea. Andrea and I were two, boy crazy 13 year olds always giggling and flirting with boys. I close my eyes and remember that day, the sun was starting to go down and we were walking from a local park which was near the towns kiddies football field. We will write a custom essay sample on A hard lesson learned or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We had to get back to Joshs house before my dad got there to pick me and Andrea up. So we decided to cut through this small neighborhood of houses along a short street, and there he was with his best friend ho happened to live in the white house on the corner. Eric was a big guy, not fat Just stocky and so cute. By this time I stopped and so did Andrea (we wanted to get some numbers) Josh got mad and walked on to his house, l will I see you two later k Josh tell my dad I will be there In 5 If he shows up so here I am walking up In my shorts and tank top asking this guy for a cigarette. He of course was acting like an immature boy and threw it at me: I should have realized then what an idiot he was. I talked to him while Andrea talked to the other guy, then I had to go. As I walked off Eric came running and said hey can I get your number? So of course I gave it to him and walked away with the biggest smile as the day turned slowly into a darker hue of blue. He called me the very next day from a payphone In McDonnell where he lived. See I lived In the next town maybe 15 minutes by car but too far to walk. After that conversation I started meeting him at that park near where we had met, lying to my dad that I was going to Joshs. My friendships with others slowly faded into the background, it was all about Eric and he was all about me. Everyone started getting worried that we spent too much time together.Josh and a few others who had grown up and went to school with Eric warned me that he was bad. I Just couldnt believe It. I thought they were Just Jealous of our relationship. Mean yeah he smoked pot, and didnt go to school, he was kind of a bully to others, but I just didnt care he treated me like a queen. We had a lot of good times and he never pressured me to have sex with him. I was head over heels in love at 13 years old! As time went along I finally did it, I lost my virginity to him 7 months after we met, hats when the violence started, and I was actually pregnant Just 3 months later and had started the 8th grade.Of course I didnt know yet but It was also the first time he his number to give to her, but she was out that day and I forgot to hide it, Eric was picking me up that day and he had already started showing signs of Jealousy and anger. Well he picked me up with his friend who was driving and the first thing he noticed was the number. That was it he freaked out told his friend to let us out near his house so we could walk the rest of the way, he took me in the woods and slapped e around pulled my hair, and shook me.All of the sudden he Just snapped out of it, I was crying so hard and was so scared, I didnt know what to do. He Just dropped to his knees and cried and apologi zed and started telling me about his home life I felt so sorry for him and I still loved him. He promised me he would never do it again and I believed him. That was the first lesson I had to learn the hard way. Well once we found out I was pregnant Eric made me quit school. I was his now and there was no reason to be around someone else that may take me away from IM, or talk some sense in me.I figured at least while I am pregnant he want hit me. I was very wrong, he continually abused me in so many ways and so many times I cant even begin to explain. The hitting lasted longer, the apologizing stopped, the name calling became worse. It was a living nightmare every day of my life until I turned 19 years old. I left him finally, after 5 years I hid the bruises and never told anyone what was going on. I was so ashamed and embarrassed but for some reason I still loved him and felt sorry for him and didnt want to leave him.I am so glad I did though. Life is full of lessons and some are very hard, but you learn from mistakes to prevent any future experiences. I also took that experience and turned it into a positive thing. I am 31 years old and have never had another man hurt me again. My daughter who is 17 years old now has never even came close to having that kind of experience and I am sure she never will, Just from seeing me. I also thank god that I turned out to be as tough as I am now and I didnt let it mess me up. My experience was definitely a lesson learned.

Music Appreciation ch. 35-41 Essay Example

Music Appreciation ch. 35-41 Paper Which of the following choral genres was NOT developed during the Baroque? part song A musical setting of the Mass for the Dead is called: a Requiem Oratorios primarily drew their stories from: the Bible Mozarts Requiem was: his last work, incomplete at his death Who completed Mozarts Requiem? Sà ¼ssmayr The Dies irae text from the Requiem Mass describes: Judgement Day Which of the following correctly describes the musical forces for Mozarts Requiem? winds, brass, strings, timpani, choir, and four soloists The ________ accompanies the baritone voice in the Tuba mirum section of Mozarts Requiem. trombone Which of the following best describes the mood of the Dies irae from Mozarts Requiem? fearful and then wondering The text of Mozarts Requiem is sung in: Latin The German term for the art song is: Lied A song whose text is a short lyric poem in German with piano accompaniment is called a: Lied _______ was NOT an important composer of nineteenth-century Lieder. Heinrich Heine Which of the following was NOT a typical theme of Romantic poetry? praise of the Virgin Mary The favorite subjects of the Romantic poets were: love, longing, and nature A group of Lieder unified by a narrative thread or by a descriptive or expressive theme is called a(n): song cycle A song form in which the same melody is repeated for every stanza of text is called: strophic A song that is composed from beginning to end without repetition of whole sections is called: through composed A song form in which the main melody is repeated for two or three stanzas but introduces new or significantly varied material when the text requires it is called: modified strophic Schubert was born in: Vienna Schubert and his friends organized evening gatherings of artists, writers, and musicians, called: Schubertiads Schubert lived a tragically short life but was a remarkably prolific composer of: Lieder, chamber music, piano music (all of the above) In which genre was Schubert NOT indebted to Classical traditions? Lied Approximately how many songs did Schubert compose? more than 600 Schubert wrote several song cycles, including: Winters Journey Schuberts song Elfking is a setting of a ballad written by: Geothe Schuberts Lied Elfking is in ________ form. through-composed Which of the following is true of Schuberts Elfking? It is the masterpiece of his youth, It is based on a legend that whoever is touched by the king of the elves must die, It presents four characters who are differentiated in the music (all of the above) In Schuberts Elfking, the obsessive triplet rhythm of the piano accompaniment represents: the galloping of the horse Which musical devices does Schubert use to portray the childs terror in Elfking? high range and dissonance The composer who founded the New Journal of Music was: Robert Schumann Robert Schumanns wife, Clara, was: the daughter of his piano teacher, one of the foremost pianists of her day, the inspiration for A Poets Love (all of the above) Robert Schumann ended his career and life: in an asylum, the result of a mental illness Robert Schumanns A Poets Love is a: song cycle Robert Schumanns A Poets Love is set to texts by: Heinrich Heine Which of the following does NOT describe Schumanns A Poets Love? it tells a detailed story of a lost love Schumanns In the lovely month of May is from which song cycle? A Poets Love What is the form of In the lovely month of May? strophic Which of the following does NOT describe Schumanns In the lovely month of May? it ends with harmonic resolution Which of the following does NOT describe American popular music of the nineteenth century? the composers were always well known Which of the following describes music in America during the early nineteenth century? music was largely imported through Europe What is vernacular music? popular songs sung in a countrys native language What nationality was Stephen Foster? American Which nineteenth-century American composer is best remembered for his parlor songs and minstrel show tunes? Stephen Foster Which of the following best describes minstrelsy? shows that featured performers in blackface Stephen Foster composed all of the following songs EXCEPT: When Johnny Comes Marching Home Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair is: a parlor song The form of Fosters Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair is: strophic Fosters Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair is based on a poem by: Foster himself The most important keyboard instrument of the Romantic period was the: piano Which of the following does NOT characterize the piano? it is capable of only one dynamic level Which of the following instruments is capable of playing both melody and harmony? piano Which of the following was NOT a technical improvement to the nineteenth-century piano? a second keyboard was added The short, lyric piano piece is the instrumental equivalent of: the song During the nineteenth century, Prelude, Impromptu, and Intermezzo were common titles for: character pieces Nineteenth-century composers of the short, lyric piano piece included: Johannes Brahms, Frà ©dà ©ric Chopin, Robert Schumann (all of the above) Chopin is credited with developing the: modern piano style Which nineteenth-century composers entire output centered around the piano? Chopin Chopin spent his early years in: Poland Chopin spent most of his productive life in: Paris With which famous novelist did Chopin become romantically involved? George Sand Chopin composed works in all of the following genres EXCEPT the: symphony Which of the following does NOT characterize the music of Chopin? reserved emotions What is the origin of the mazurka? a Polish peasant dance Which of the following does NOT characterize Chopins Mazurka in B-flat Minor, Op. 24, No. 4? simple A-B-A form In connection with Chopins music, the term rubato means that the performer should: take liberties with the tempo Which composer is known as the poet of the piano? Frà ©dà ©ric Chopin Which of the following best describes the role of women in nineteenth-century music? the piano provided women with a socially acceptable performance outfit Which of the following was a noted woman composer of the Romantic era? Clara Schumann Which of the following women organized salons featuring music by her brother? Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel was discouraged from pursuing a career as a composer because: she was a woman Fanny Mendelssohn Hensels output is dominated by: Lieder and piano music Which of the following composed the piano cycle The Year? Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel wrote her cycle The Year for: piano The manuscript for Fanny Mendelssohn Hensels September: At the River, from The Year, has poetic lines by: Johann Wolfgang von Geothe Fanny Mendelssohn Hensels September: At the River, from The Year, is in ________ form. A-B-A How does Fanny Mendelssohn Hensels The Year reach a level of achievement beyond that of her brother Felix? it is a large-scale work unified by musical and extramusical links In which country was Franz Liszt born? Hungary Which composer is generally considered the greatest pianist and showman of the Romantic era? Liszt Liszt was inspired by the virtuoso violinist: Paganini Which of the following was the first internationally acclaimed American composer of classical music? Louis Moreau Gottschalk Louis Moreau Gottschalk was born in: New Orleans Louis Moreau Gottschalk is best known for his ________. solo piano music Which of the following statements about Louis Moreau Gottschalk is NOT true? he spent most of his creative life in Europe Louis Moreau Gottschalk based many of his works on: South American and Caribbean songs Which of the following does NOT characterize Gottschalks The Banjo? limited range The familiar tune quoted near the end of Gottschalks work The Banjo is: Camptown Races Instrumental music endowed with literary, philosophical, or pictorial associations is called: program music Which of the following compositions is LEAST likely to be an example of program music? string quartet in B-flat major Music composed without literary or pictorial meanings is called absolute music A multimovement, programmatic work for orchestra is called a: program symphony Which of the following composers is considered the first great exponent of musical Romanticism in France? Berlioz Hector Berlioz was born and spent most of his career in: France Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the music of Berlioz? as is typical of French music, emotions are restrained Which of the following is NOT a work by Berlioz? Italian Symphony Berliozs Symphonie fantastique is an example of a: program symphony How many movements are in Berliozs Symphonie fantastique? five Which of the following inspired Berliozs Symphonie fantastique? the actress Harriet Smithson Which of the following is NOT true of Berliozs Symphonie fantastique? the program deals entirely with nature In Berliozs Symphonie fantastique, the idà ©e fixe: symbolizes the beloved, recurs as required by the literary program, unifies the five movements, which are diverse in character and mood (all of the above) In Berliozs Symphonie fantastique, what is the idà ©e fixe? the basic theme of the symphony, heard in the march movement The technique of altering a theme to give it a different character is often called: thematic transformation Which of the following does NOT characterize the March to the Scaffold from Berliozs Symphonie fantastique? dominance of the string instruments The Dies irae is: a chant from the Mass for the Dead The piano manufacturer in New York that made major improvements to the instrument was: Steinway Through which innovation did Theobald Boehm improve musical instruments? key mechanism for woodwinds What new instrument was developed in the nineteenth century? saxophone

10 Tips for Getting Along With Your College Roommate

10 Tips for Getting Along With Your College Roommate You may have grown up living with lots of siblings, or this may be your first time sharing your living space with someone else. While having a roommate inevitably has its challenges, it can also be a great part of your college experience. Follow these ten tips to make sure you and your roommate keep things pleasant and supportive throughout the year (or even years!). 1. Be Clear About Your Expectations From the Beginning Do you know in advance that you hate it when someone hits the snooze button fifteen times every morning? That youre a neat freak? That you need ten minutes to yourself before talking to anyone after you wake up? Let your roommate know as soon as you can about your little quirks and preferences. Its not fair to expect him or her to pick up on them right away, and communicating what you need is one of the best ways to eliminate problems before they become problems. 2. Address Problems When They're Little Is your roommate always forgetting her stuff for the shower, and taking yours? Are your clothes being borrowed faster than you can wash them? Addressing things that bug you while theyre still little can help your roommate be aware of something she may not otherwise know. And addressing little things is much easier than addressing them after theyve become big. 3. Respect Your Roommate's Stuff This may seem simple, but its probably one of the biggest reasons why roommates experience conflict. Dont think hell mind if you borrow his cleats for a quick soccer game? For all you know, you just stepped over an uncrossable line. Dont borrow, use, or take anything without getting permission first. 4. Be Mindful of Who You Bring Into Your Room- and How Often You may love having your study group into your room. But your roommate may not. Be mindful of how often you bring people over. If your roommate studies best in the quiet, and you study best in a group, can you alternate who hits the library and who gets the room? 5. Lock the Door and Windows This may seem like it has nothing to do with  roommate relationships, but how would you feel if your roommates laptop got stolen during the ten seconds it took you to run down the hall? Or vice versa? Locking your door and windows is a critical part of keeping safe on campus. 6. Be Friendly, Without Expecting to Be Best Friends Dont go into your roommate relationship thinking that you are going to be best friends for the time youre at school. It may happen, but expecting it sets both of you up for trouble. You should be friendly with your roommate but also make sure you have your own social circles. 7. Be Open to New Things Your roommate may be from someplace youve never heard of. They may have a religion or lifestyle that is completely different from your own. Be open to new ideas and experiences, especially as it to relates to what your roommate brings into your life. Thats why you went to college in the first place, right?! 8. Stay Open to Change You should expect to learn and grown and change during your time at school. And the same should happen to your roommate, if all goes well. As the semester progresses, realize things will change for both of you. Be comfortable addressing things that unexpectedly come up, setting new rules, and being flexible to your changing environment 9. Address Problems When They're Big, Too You may not have been totally honest with tip #2, or you may suddenly find yourself with a roommate who goes wild after being shy and quiet the first two months. Either way, if something gets to be a big problem quickly, deal with it as soon as you can. 10. If Nothing Else, Follow the Golden Rule Treat your roommate like youd like to be treated. No matter what your relationship is at the end of the year, you can take comfort knowing you acted like an adult and treated your roommate with respect. Dont think you and your roommate are going to be able to work it out? It can be easier than you think to address your problems and, ideally, find a solution that works for both of you.

Project on Micro Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project on Micro Economy - Essay Example Opportunity cost refers to the best alternative forgone when Supa drinks decides to produce Thasta over other product lines. When the concept of opportunity cost is discussed it is critical to put into perspective issues such as implicit and explicit cots. Implicit cost is when an alternative if forgone but there is no actual cost included. Therefore, implicit cost refers to financial benefits forgone when one makes one decision over the other. On the hand, explicit costs refer to cost that is easy to account for owing to the fact that their effects are easily traceable (Hirschey112. They include cost such as wages, rent, material cost. In fact, in implicit costs, the management has to pay the money directly. By Supa Drinks deciding to start the production of Thasta, it is going to incur both implicit and explicit cost. The implicit cost incurred refers to the forgone profits that Supa Drink has not received because they opted to produce Thasta instead of the other alternative. Thast a was faced with several options, which include production of detergent, production of stationery, and production of electronics. Out of all the production choices, the one that had the best alternative to Thasta was a production of detergents. The company had estimated that it would record on average net cash flow of $ 200, 000 per annum. By deciding to produce Thasta over the Detergent, it has undergone an implicit cost of $200, 000. On the other hand, explicit costs that are incurred by the company include labor costs, input cost and general expenses. Production of Thasta is a costly affair; there is therefore, huge initial capital outlay that is required to start the production of Thasta. There is cost required to erect a plant for production of the drink, there is wages that will be incurred to pay workers, and general expenses such as electricity expenses among others. The explicit cost that will be incurred by the company is outlined below. Item no Expense item Cost per annum ($) 1. Labor cost 50000 2. Plant maintenance cost 40000 3. General cost 10000 4. Promotion costs 15000 5. Total cost 115000 It is worth noting that opportunity cost refers to both the implicit and explicit cost. Therefore, by management deciding to produce Thsata over the best alternative of the production of detergent will result to an opportunity cost of $ 215000. This is calculated by summing up the total implicit cost, which is $ 200000, and the total explicit Cost, which is $115000. It is also recommended that the company operate at economic profits so that there is both allocative and productive efficiency in production. Allocative efficiency refers to a situation in which the net profit is zero. This point of production would mean that the company is not under producing or overproducing the soft drink. Second Section: Trade Offs The company will produce two brands of Thasta, which is the orange flavored and the other is coke flavored. This means that the company must conside r the issue of trade off when deciding the units of the orange flavor and coke flavor to produce. It is worth noting that the company has a production capacity of up to 50000 units’ daily production. This production capacity must be divided between the two brands. This brings about the concept of trade off. As the company produces more and more of orange flavor, it will produce less of Coke flavor along the production possibility